Using the ureide technique developed by Australian scientists to measure Nitrogen fixation, this project was able to identify, evaluate and rank different on-farm promiscuous soybean cultivars developed by IITA breeders for their ability to nodulate and fix Nitrogen effectively with indigenous strains of rhizobium, perhaps alleviating the need of rhizobial inoculants. In African countries soybean is increasingly playing an important role as a source of protein from food and fodder, and for soil improvement. The results of the project are currently being used to assist farmers to improve their productivity in cereal (maize and sorghum) based cropping systems by quantifying the Nitrogen contributions to the farmers fields from the soybean cultivars. It is estimated that the potential economic benefits through replacement of Nitrogen deficient cereal monocultures with legume/cereal cropping systems will result in Nitrogen fertiliser savings valued at an average of USD$23 million for the 4 countries (Nigeria, Benin, Togo and Cote d'Ivoire) involved in this project. Technical assistance was also provided for the country collaborators to the project, and professional researchers and technicians were trained in the use of ureide technique.