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Scientific communication in Papua New Guinea
Project ID
ASEM/2000/162
Project Country
Commissioned Organisation
University of Queensland, School of Natural and Rural Systems Management (SNRSM), Australia
Project Leader
Dr Jeff Coutts
jeff@couttsjr.com.au
Project Website:
Phone:
07 4638 9119
Project Budget
$1,387,120.00
Start Date
01/01/2002
Finish Date
31/12/2004
Extension Start Date
01/01/2005
Extension Finish Date
31/12/2006
ACIAR Research Program Manager
Dr Ken Menz
Overview Objectives
The purpose of the project was to enhance the scientific communication skills of practising scientists, journalists, lecturers and undergraduate students, and to build the capacity of PNG tertiary institutions to effectively deliver scientific communication training at undergraduate and post-study levels, on a sustainable basis.
Project Background and Objectives
In PNG the need for training agricultural research scientists in the procedures and techniques for writing and publishing the results of their research had long been an area of concern to government instrumentalities, agricultural research agencies and research funding bodies. Many short scientific communication courses were organised through various funding bodies (including ACIAR) for different organisations, but were designed to help practising scientists and did not address the underlying gaps in initial training. This had resulted in an ongoing lack of confidence in the communication process. This project attempted to redress the gaps in Scientific Communication training at the undergraduate level, and to further develop the confidence and skills of both scientists in the field and of journalists reporting to non-scientists on scientific issues.
Progress Reports (Year 1, 2, 3 etc)
Year 1:
During 2002 the following subjects have been participatively developed and successfully trialled with 19 core lecturers from University of Technology Lae (UniTech), University of Papua New Guinea, University of Goroka, University of Vudal and Divine Word University:
1. Communication with Adults
2. Language of Science
3. Science Communication in the Community
4. Writing Scientific Reports
5. Transforming Information into Knowledge
6. Advanced Roles for Scientists
The sixth subject consists of a series of topics that can be run as separate one-day workshops for customised training.
The first objective, 'to establish effective administrative systems and technical capacity for the development and delivery of specialist scientific communication training', was fully achieved in 2002, and good progress made towards meeting the remaining three objectives.
Year 2:
In March 2003 the PNG University of Technology (UniTech) accredited the Graduate Certificate in Scientific and Technological Communication as an award of its Department of Language and Communication Studies. The 19 core lecturers from four universities who had participated in subject and course materials development during 2002, and who had completed a minimum of two core subjects and two electives, were awarded the Graduate Certificate.
By the end of 2003, 15 course workshops had been run by these course graduates at five different locations: Forestry Research Institute; UniTech; University of Vudal; University of Papua New Guinea; University of Goroka; and Divine Word University. In each case, the trainers were supported by a project staff member as an additional resource person. A total of 101 participants were enrolled in the Graduate Certificate, all of whom had completed at least one subject. Participants were from the following categories: academic (64, including 14 agriculture and forestry staff), agricultural and forestry research (22), medical research (5), research publications and training (3), and other (7). Within the universities, participants were drawn from a range of faculties: for example, UniTech participants came from surveying, mining, engineering, forestry and applied science. On average, 36% of workshop participants are women.
After a series of workshops in February 2004, up to 40 enrolees are expected to be eligible to take out the Graduate Certificate.
Year 3:
Progress to October 2004: By October 2004, total participants in the program had exceeded 200, with about 70 expected to complete the four modules required to graduate in March 2005. Course fees were set at K250 per subject for the universities and research institutes. Fees for other applicants were set at K1000 per subject. While this fee structure is comparable with other university offerings, it is reportedly beyond many institutions' current financial capabilities. The project was able to make some additional places available at the subsided K250 level during 2004. Providers have explored several options for reducing workshop costs.
During 2004, seven graduates from the 2003 enrolments were trained in facilitation and subsequently facilitated one or more courses, bringing the pool of trained facilitators to 17, after 8 of the 2002 core lecturer group became unavailable.
The project has attracted a satisfactory balance of research scientists (33%) and university lecturers (56%) but journalists and extension workers were not well represented (4%). Female participants made up 27% of the total. Overall, 116 participants were from universities, 69 from research institutes (agriculture, forestry and medical research), 9 from extension agencies, and 13 from miscellaneous categories.
The project team conducted an online survey of current and past participants in October/November 2004. Of the 56 respondents as of 28th October, 23 were university lecturers. Of these 15 (65%) gave examples of how they had incorporated some of their learning into their university teaching/courses. 35 of the 56 respondents listed communications activities they had undertaken as a direct result of their participation in the course, including preparation and submission of research papers, and presentations to specialist and generalist audiences.
The universities involved in the project are progressing proposals that will embed SciCom principles and approaches in existing institutional structures, but require support until these processes are complete. Following an external review in November 2004, ACIAR agreed to extend the project till December 2006, with a tight focus on issues of institutionalisation and sustainability.
Year 4:
This project extension is focused on supporting the transition between the project and the institutionalising of the project outputs. During the initial project period (2002-2004) 7 modules were developed to promote the development of Scientific Communication across universities and research and development agencies (and other groups) across PNG - as well as developing staff capacity within these institutions to maintain sustainability at the end of the project. These objectives were completed and Unitech in Lae accredited a Post Graduate Certificate in the Communication of Science and Technology.
During 2005, the Language and Communication Department (LCS) at Unitech (in which the course is embedded) ran a series of 5 modules resulting in 13 participants being ready for graduation in April 2006. One module has also successfully been used in the final undergraduate year with Forestry to support the student research project. The University of Goroka ran three modules (for high school teachers) and have a submission to their academic board to have their Post-graduate certificate accredited for 2007. The UPNG Senate approved a Graduate Diploma in Communication of Sciences and Technology which appeared in the handbook in 2006 -this is yet to be activated. Material from the SciCom courses has been incorporated into courses being run by the Centre for Teaching, Learning and In-House Training.
Facilitation training has been undertaken across most universities which has strengthened the pool of university staff available to be course facilitators. On-going gender activities (including a gender workshop at Unitech) and reporting has provided endorsement for the approach and direction for on-going inclusiveness as the institutions take the training forward.
The website has been further developed to support on-going networking including the capacity for participants and graduates to put papers in progress on-line for peer feedback. Further work is being undertaken to look at linking activities and initiatives between UoG, UPNG and Goroka.
LCS at Unitech is now managing the database and materials for courses run from that institution.
Project Outcomes
The project successfully developed seven modules together with full supporting material. These were:
Communicating With Adults - a foundation course that covers adult learning principles, their application and the importance of different learning styles in developing communication strategies.
Language of Science - a foundation course for elective subjects that includes special attributes of language and style for effective communication in physical and social sciences and engineering.
Science Communication in the Community - application of appropriate mediums for communicating scientific and technological topics. It includes planning, selection, demonstration and evaluation of a communication product.
Writing Scientific Reports - principles, practical advice and exercises on how to write a scientific report or paper.
Transforming Information into Knowledge - critical review and appraisal of information on a topic from different sources, including use of electronic databases and citation software.
Advanced Roles for Scientists - five 1-day workshops on activities that established the duties and responsibilities of scientists and engineers - supervising postgraduate students, refereeing and editing of scientific papers; managing a research project; organising a conference; verbal presentations.
Directed Product Development - creation of a communication product for a workplace, supervised by arrangement with the office for the Graduate Certificate of Communication of Science and Technology (conducted in the remote mode over one semester).
Three PNG universities now have accredited post-graduate courses based on the developed modules. The University of Technology Lae accredited the course early in the project as the Graduate Certificate in Communication of Science and Technology. The University of Goroka approved a Post Graduate Certificate & Diploma program and the University of PNG accredited its post-graduate course in 2005 under the School of Science.
The university departments, their libraries and participating staff received substantial support, including copies of the workbook and book of readings for each subject (which they can use without copyright restrictions), copies of key reference books, CD-ROMs containing two databases of references to articles that are relevant to PNG from the natural and social sciences, together with electronic copies of the course materials. Libraries also received a copy of Bibus-biblio - a freeware referencing program. An attractive, user-friendly website (http://www.scicom.ac.pg/) was developed to provide a resource for the participating universities and students.
Over the life of the project 225 university lecturers (39% women), researchers and others completed one or more modules. Of these, 129 (including 76 academics and 41 researchers) had graduated by the end of the extended project in December 2006 - far exceeding the initial project objective. Ninety-one university lecturers (22 women) underwent facilitation training to develop their course delivery capacity. Gender sensitivity, inclusiveness and monitoring were important elements of the development, embedding and delivery of the courses. Eleven participants (one male) undertook specific gender training to support their delivery skills.
Location
There are no project locations defined for this project.






